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Unit Biotechnology, Virus, and Microbial Diversity

Page history last edited by Shu-Yee Chen 7 years, 2 months ago

Unit: Biotechnology, Virus, and Microbial Diversity

Big Idea:

Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.

Enduring Understanding:

1.B.1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today.

1.B.2: Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations of evolutionary history that can be tested.

1.C.3: Populations of organisms continues to evolve.

2.D.1: All biological systems from cells and organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions involving exchange of matter and free energy.

3.B.1: Gene regulation results in differential gene expression, leading to cell specialization.

3.C.1: Changes in genotype can results in changes in phenotype.

...Actually, you can pretty much link any objectives to this unit!!

Required Reading:

Campbell: Chapter 19, 20
ARTICLES/CASE STUDY

Learning Objectives:By the end of this unit, you should be able to....

1.	Describe the basic structural components of a virus and explain what characteristics viruses possesses and lacks to be considered living. (Ch 19.1)
2.	Explain how virus utilize host cells to replicate and how phages can replicate through lytic or lysogenic cycle. (Ch 19. 2)
3.	Explain how retrovirus works and give an example of retrovirus. (Ch 19.2)
4.	Describe the importance of reverse transcriptase and how it is used in retrovirus and biotechnology fields. (Ch 19 & 20)
5.	Explain how vaccine works in defending against certain viruses. (Ch 19.3)
6.	Explain the significance of genetic mutations in viral evolution and what it means in terms of viral outbreak and treatment. (Ch 19.3)
7.	Compare and contrast bacteria, virus, viroids and prions. (Ch 19.3)
8.	Explain the significance of DNA technology and list some possible product and organisms from these techniques. (Ch 20.1)
9.	Use a model to illustrate how restriction enzyme works in cutting DNA into fragments (making sticky ends) for things like recombinant DNA for genetic engineering. (Ch 20.1)
10.	Identify the levels of chromosome packing. (Ch 20.1)
11.	Explain what are cloning vectors and how they work, and what problems can arise in eukaryotic cell cloning (Ch 20.1)
12.	Describe how PCR work in detail. (Ch 20.1)
13.	Explain how each of the following technique/components works and what it is used for: Gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, RFLPs, gene sequencing, Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, DNA microarray, SNPs. (Ch 20.2)
14.	Be familiar with why stem cells are important in organismal cloning. (Ch 20.3)
15.	Explain how applications of DNA technology can affect our lives and discuss the ethical implication of DNA technology. (Ch 20.4)

Vocabulary

Below is a list of vocabularyterms used in this unit. By the end of the unit, you will be able to write a working definition of each term and correctly use each term.

virus	viral envelope	capsid
host	vector	phage
lytic cycle	lysogenic cycle	retrovirus
reverse transcriptase	provirus	vaccine
viroid	prion	gene cloning
genetic engineering	restriction enzyme	restriction sites
sticky ends	DNA ligase	recombinant DNA
cloning vectors	plasmids	bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)
PCR	cDNA	nucleic acid hybridization
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	gel electrophoresis	Southern blotting
restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)	Northern blotting	in situ hybridization
RT-PCR	DNA microarrays	single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
stem cell	gene therapy	short tandem repeats (STRs)