Big Idea:
Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.
Enduring Understanding:
2.A.1: All living systems require constant input of free energy.
2.A.2: Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes.
3.A.1: DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information.
4.A.1: The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence determine the properties of that molecule.
4.A.2: The structure and function of subcellular components, and their interactions, provide essential cellular processes.
Required Reading:
Campbell: Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
ARTICLES/CASE STUDY:
Free Energy Pogil Activity
Oenology Case Study
Learning Objectives:By the end of this unit, you should be able to....
1. |
Describe the three subatomic particles and their significance. (Ch 2) |
2. | Compare and contrast the types of chemical bonds and their relative strengths. (Ch 2) |
3. | Explain the importance of hydrogen bonding to the properties of water. (Ch 3.1) |
4. | Provide examples for the major properties of water (cohesion, heat of vaporization, density, polarity) and explain how they help to support life on Earth. (Ch 3.2) |
5. | Explain how acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms on Earth. (Ch 3.3) |
6. | Use Stanley Miller's experiment to explain the importance of his finding and the implication it has on the origin of organic molecules. (Ch 4.1) |
7. | Use structural formula, molecular model, or Lewis dot structure to demonstrate how carbon form diverse molecules. (Ch 4.2) |
8. | Compare and contrast between isotopes and isomers. (Ch 4.2) |
9. | Identify the chemical groups (functional groups) when you see them in biomolecules and be able to understand its possible interaction based on the properties of the specific group. (Ch 4.3) |
10. | Recognize the ATP molecules explain its importance in biological process. (Ch 4.3) |
11. |
Compare the synthesis and decomposition of biological macromolecules. (Ch 5). |
12. | How does the structure of X (all four of the macromolecules and its constituents) influence the function of those molecules. (Ch 5). |
13. | Explain why lipids are useful in biological systems if most of the chemistry in life occurs in aqueous solution. (Ch 5) |
14. | Explain why starch is easily digestible but cellulose is not. (Ch 5) |
15. | Explain how the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines each level of that protein's structure. (Ch 5). |
16. |
Explain how the condition of the environment that a protein is in affect the structure and function of the protein. (Ch 5). |
17. |
Describe the relationship between the structure and function of enzymes. (Ch 5) |
18. |
Explain how environmental conditions can affect enzyme function. Provide examples. (Ch 5) |
19. |
Explain how enzymes accomplish biological catalysis. Provide examples. (Ch 5) |
20. |
Describe how enzyme-mediated reactions can be controlled through competitive and non-competitive interactions. (Ch 5) |
21. | Propose experimental design by which the rate of enzyme function can be measured and studied. (Ch 5) |
22. | Define metabolism and explain the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathway. (Ch 8) |
23. | Compare and contrast kinetic and potential energy. (Ch 8) |
24. | Be able to use free energy concept to determine the spontaneity of a reaction (ex: photosynthesis & respiration). (Ch 8) |
25. | Provide examples for functions that cells can perform that require energy. (Ch 8 ) |
26. | Identify and describe an ATP molecule and how it couples exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions. (Ch 8) |
27. | Explain energy coupling. (Ch 8) |
28. | Create a model that demonstrate molecules that make-up the ATP molecule, and where the bond breaks. (Ch 8) |
29. | Explain how enzyme speeds up metabolic reaction in terms of activation energy and free energy. (Ch 8) |
30. | Interpret a reaction graph when enzyme is used to speed up the reaction. (Ch 8) |
31. | Provide examples for factors, aids, inhibitors, that can affect the rate of enzyme reaction and be able to provide example for some enzymes listed in the book. (Ch 8) |
32. | Be familiar with some important human enzymes that functions in our body. (Ch 8) |
33. | Explain how regulation of enzyme activity help control metabolism. (Ch 8) |
34. | Explain allosteric regulation and compare the difference between allosteric activator and allosteric inhibitor. (Ch 8) |
35. | Explain how hemoglobin shows cooperativity. (Ch 8) |
Vocabulary
Below is a list of vocabularyterms used in this unit. By the end of the unit, you will be able to write a working definition of each term and correctly use each term.
matter | element | compound |
essential element | trace element | neutron |
proton | electron | atomic number |
atomic mass | isotope | electron shells |
energy | potential energy | valence electron |
molecule | electronegativity | nonpolar |
polar | anion | cation |
hydrogen bond | van der Waals interactions | chemical equation |
dynamic equilibrium | cohesion | adhesion |
surface tension | specific heat | evaporation |
heat of vaporization | hydrophobic | hydrophilic |
acid | base | pH |
hydrocarbon | isomer | enantiomers |
functional group | macromolecules | polymer |
monomer | hydrolysis | dehydration synthesis |
carbohydrate | disaccharide | monosaccharide |
-ose | glycosidic linkage | polysaccharides |
lipids | glycerol | unsaturated |
saturated | trans | sis |
protein | amino acids | R-group |
peptide bond | polypeptide | (levels of protein structure) |
denaturation | chaperonins | nucleic acids |
DNA | RNA | directionality |
antiparallel | metabolism |
anabolic |
catabolic | spontaneous process | free energy |
endergonic | exergonic | ATP |
energy coupling | catalyst | activation energy |
enzyme | substrate | induced fit |
cofactors | coenzymes | competitive inhibitors |
non competitive inhibitors | allosteric regulation | cooperativity |
Worksheets/Labs/Handouts:
Extra Worksheets/Notes from past years/review/challenge materials:
Supplement Material/Websites: